The latest Bank of Canada (BoC) reference exchange rates. These are usually updated at around 21:30 CET every working day.

All Bank of Canada exchange rates are indicative rates only, derived from averages of transaction prices and price quotes from financial institutions. As such, they are intended to be broadly indicative of market prices at the time of publication but do not necessarily reflect the rates at which actual market transactions have been or could be conducted. They may differ from the rates provided by financial institutions and other market sources.

Selected benchmark bond yields are based on mid-market closing yields of selected Government of Canada bond issues that mature approximately in the indicated terms. The bond issues used are not necessarily the ones with the remaining time to maturity that is the closest to the indicated term and may differ from other sources.

The back end refers to longer-term securities that will mature in over a year.

A yield curve (also known as the term structure of interest rates) represents the relationship between interest rates and the remaining time to maturity of debt securities. These yields reflect market participants' expectations of future inflation, real interest rates and assessment of various risks.